Allah says, “Permission [to take up arms] has been given to those who are being fought, because they have been wronged. And indeed, Allah is Able to give them victory." (Qur’an, 22: 39) This verse reveals that Muslims did not take the initiative to fight against the assaulting non-Muslims. On the contrary, it was those non-Muslims who begun the fight as indicated by the passive phrase structure "those who are being fought".